Why do we pray Zuhr and Asr silently?
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And in the two prayers (i.e. the obligatory congregational prayers of Zuhr and Asr), recitation is done aloud (i.e. in a low voice). However, the background of this is that in the beginning, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite Jahri in all prayers, then the polytheists would come hearing the sound of the Qur’an and would make a lot of noise and recite verses loudly in order to hurt and annoy the Prophet (ﷺ). Al-Alti used to utter nonsense and blaspheme, and he regularly encouraged his people to do so, so that when the Qur’an was recited, the people would prevail with noise and the Prophet (peace be upon him) would be silent, because the Qur’an mentions monotheism. It used to be, which these people could not bear to listen to, so Allah Almighty revealed this verse of the Qur’an: ) And in this verse, Allah Almighty The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was ordered not to recite Jahri in all prayers, nor to recite in secret in all prayers, but to adopt an intermediate form, i.e., to recite Jahri in the prayers (Fajr, Maghrib, and Isha) that are performed in the dark. , while reciting it in daylight prayers (Zhuhr and Asr), so after the revelation of this verse, the Prophet ﷺ used to recite it in the Zuhr and Asr prayers, because during these times the polytheists suffer. They used to be ready to deliver, while they recited Jahri at Maghrib, Isha and Fajr, because at Maghrib they were busy eating, and during Isha and Fajr they were sleeping, although later Allah Ta’ala gave strength and glory to the Muslims and the disbelievers did not have this courage, but the above commandment remained (like sand in circumambulation) and he ﷺ continued to follow it until he uttered the veil from the world and after him ﷺ This practice was inherited by the Ummah, therefore, due to this care of the Prophet, the jurists have considered it obligatory for the Imam to recite the Jahri Qur’at at Fajr, Maghrib and Isha, and the secret Qur’at at Zuhr and Asr.
Hashiya al-Tahtawi on al-Muraqi al-Falah Sharh Noor al-Idhah (p. 253)
And the origin is in al-Jahr and insistence that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to appear in recitation in all prayers at the beginning, and the polytheists used to allow him, and say to their followers: If you hear him reciting, then raise your voices with songs and prayers, and meet him with the words of the tongue, until you overcome him. , then Allah Almighty sent down: (And do not show your prayers and do not be afraid of them) [Al-Isra: 110] That is, do not show your prayers all, and do not be afraid of them all. And the Asr; for those who are ready to be harassed in them, and they are seen in Maghrib; for those who are busy with food, and in Isha and Fajr; for their Qadam, and in Fridays and Eids; because He established them in Madinah, and the infidels had no power. Delay it until the third of the night, and this only appears in the winter time, but in other cases, the excuse is like the evening when it appears.”
Badi’ al-Sina’i in the order of the Shari’ah (1/160)
“(And hers): Al-Jahr with reading in the early morning, which is Fajr, Maghreb, and Isha in the early days, and Al-Makhifta in the fear, which is Dhuhr and Asr if he is an imam.
And the sentence in it is that it is not ikhlo either if he is an imam or alone, then if he is an imam, he must observe al-Jahr in public, and likewise in every prayer that requires congregation, such as Fridays, Eids, and Tarawiha, and he must observe al-Mukhafata in what he is afraid of. Because the Qur’an is a member of the Imam of the People, indeed, in Fijhar; Let the people reflect and think about it, the fruit of reading and its benefits for the people, the reading of the imam is a blessing for them, as if they read it. Wathmrah al-Jhar Tafut in Salat al-Nahar; Because most of the people attend gatherings during the acquisition, dispossession, and disturbance of the land, so their hearts were concerned with that, so they were concerned about the truth of meditation, so that the sun would not be useful, but it would be a reason for sin to abandon meditation, and this is not permissible, unlike the night prayer; Because the Holy Prophet does not come to her during work, unlike Fridays and Eids; Because it is carried out in a few times on a specific body from Al-Jama’ Al-Azeem and Hazrat Sultan and others; فيكون تولو مبائة على حباسة القلب والتمفل; Because the recitation of the pillars of prayer and the pillars of Al-Fareed leads to fame without concealment, that is why the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, was evident in all the prayers at the beginning, until the intention of the disbelievers was not to listen to the Qur’an, and they were afraid of reading it. At Dhuhr and Asr; Because they were willing to do harm in these two times, that’s why it was visible on Friday and Eid; Because he established them in Madinah, and the infidels in Madinah did not have the power of harm, then and the wife of this al-Azr, the rest of this Sunnah is like sand in its circumambulation. And because it was wazb on al-Mukhafta on them in Umrah, it was obligatory; And because the description of the daytime prayer is for those who are ignorant, and it is not explained, and this description is not fulfilled unless the al-jahr is left in it, and it is obligatory for the al-jahr to be visible, and to be afraid of the hidden, and that is the reason of obligation, and this is the practice of the nation, and the reading is hidden except for the first ones; Because al-Jahr is the attribute of obligatory reading, and reading is obligatory among the latter; Only God knows
And in the two prayers (i.e. the obligatory congregational prayers of Zuhr and Asr), recitation is done aloud (i.e. in a low voice). However, the background of this is that in the beginning, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite Jahri in all prayers, then the polytheists would come hearing the sound of the Qur’an and would make a lot of noise and recite verses loudly in order to hurt and annoy the Prophet (ﷺ). He was talking straight nonsense
In Islamic tradition, there are differences in the way the various daily prayers (Salat) are performed, particularly regarding whether they are recited silently or aloud. The choice to pray Zuhr and Asr prayers silently is based on specific guidelines and traditions within the religion. Here’s why these two prayers are typically performed silently: Tradition and Sunnah: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is reported to have prayed the Zuhr and Asr prayers silently during his lifetime. This practice is considered a part of the Sunnah (the traditions and practices of the Prophet) and is therefore followed by many Muslims.Time of Day: Zuhr and Asr prayers are performed during the daytime when people are generally more active, and there is more noise and activity around. Praying them silently helps maintain focus and concentration during these potentially distracting hours. Congregational Prayers: When praying in congregation, the Imam leading the prayer may choose to recite these prayers silently to avoid confusion or distractions for the followers. This is especially common in mosque settings. Consistency: Performing Zuhr and Asr prayers silently is consistent with the practice of the Prophet Muhammad, providing uniformity in how these prayers are observed by Muslims worldwide. It’s important to note that there are variations in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), and some Islamic schools of thought do allow for reciting these prayers aloud in certain situations, such as when praying individually or in specific circumstances. However, the majority of Muslims follow the practice of praying Zuhr and Asr silently based on the aforementioned reasons and the traditions of the Prophet.