Definition of Kufr:

Kufr, in Islamic terminology, refers to disbelief in Allah and His Messenger, whether it involves outright denial, doubt, turning away due to arrogance or jealousy, or following personal whims that prevent one from accepting the message.

Kinds of Major Kufr:

The scholars have identified several major types of kufr that exclude a person from the circle of Islam. These include:

• Kufr of Denial and Rejection:
  – This can occur either internally (in the heart) or externally (verbally).
  – Example: The Jews rejected Prophet Muhammad despite recognizing him as a true prophet.
• Kufr of Turning Away in Arrogance:
  – Example: Satan (Iblis) refusing to bow to Adam out of pride.
  – Example: People who verbally claim belief but their actions show otherwise, such as those who ignore the teachings of Islam.
• Kufr of Hypocrisy:
  – Outwardly showing belief while inwardly disbelieving.
  – Example: The hypocrites (munafiqin) during the time of the Prophet who pretended to be Muslims but secretly plotted against Islam.
• Kufr of Doubt:
  – Hesitating or being uncertain about the truth of Islam.
  – Example: A person who is unsure about the existence of the Day of Judgment or other tenets of faith.

Understanding and Avoidance:

Knowing these types of kufr is crucial for Muslims to avoid falling into disbelief. Faith (iman) requires submission to Allah and rejection of kufr and shirk (associating partners with Allah).

Examples and Manifestations:

In the heart: Hating Allah, His signs, or His Messenger.
Spoken words: Insulting Allah or expressing disbelief.
Outward actions: Worshipping idols or offering sacrifices to other than Allah.

Summary:

Kufr encompasses various forms of disbelief, each potentially taking one beyond the pale of Islam. It is essential for Muslims to recognize and avoid these forms to maintain their faith and submission to Allah.