Is religion a part of culture, or is culture a part of religion?
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When we say about one thing that it is part of another thing, it ultimately means that the other thing is the origin and source of this thing. In this context, religion is definitely a source and culture is a part of it.
The reason why religion takes precedence is the fact that it is a doctrine and complete guidance for mankind in their individual and collective spheres of life.
Allah swt says in Quran:
لقد أنزلنا إليكم كتابا فيه ذكركم لعلكم تعقلون
(We have sent down to you a Book that mentions you -with all respects-. Do you not understand?)
Culture is the name of traditions and customs that a society possesses based on their worldview and the way they looks at things.
So in this scenario, it is evident that Culture is part of Religion, not the contrary. having said that religion has nothing to do with many practices that reflect culture, because religion considers human beings as intellectual beings and gives them space to use this faculty to take care of many matters on their own, Religion only sufficed with mentioning the general and principle rulings and restrictions they should abide by them in their polarities.